ftp.uni-trier.de/pub/info/Docs/world/Factbook92/Countries

:Portugal Geography

Total area:
    92,080 km2
Land area:
    91,640 km2; includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Comparative area:
    slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
    1,214 km; Spain 1,214 km
Coastline:
    1,793 km
Maritime claims:
  Continental shelf:
    200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
  Exclusive economic zone:
    200 nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm
Disputes:
    sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia
Climate:
    maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain:
    mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south
Natural resources:
    fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble
Land use:
    arable land 32%; permanent crops 6%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and
    woodland 40%; other 16%; includes irrigated 7%
Environment:
    Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Note:
    Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea
    approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

:Portugal People

Population:
    10,448,509 (July 1992), growth rate 0.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
    12 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
    10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
    2 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
    10 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
    71 years male, 78 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
    1.4 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
    noun - Portuguese (singular and plural); adjective - Portuguese
Ethnic divisions:
    homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
    citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during
    decolonization number less than 100,000
Religions:
    Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%
Languages:
    Portuguese
Literacy:
    85% (male 89%, female 82%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
    4,605,700; services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)
Organized labor:
    about 55% of the labor force; the Communist-dominated General Confederation
    of Portuguese Workers - Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents more than half of
    the unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union
    (UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents
    less than half of unionized labor

:Portugal Government

Long-form name:
    Portuguese Republic
Type:
    republic
Capital:
    Lisbon
Administrative divisions:
    18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*
    (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*,
    Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria,
    Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,
    Vila Real, Viseu
Independence:
    1140; independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910
Constitution:
    25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989
Legal system:
    civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality
    of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
    Day of Portugal, 10 June
Executive branch:
    president, Council of State, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council
    of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
    unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)
Judicial branch:
    Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)
Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986)
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)
Political parties and leaders:
    Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva; Portuguese Socialist
    Party (PS), Jorge SAMPAIO; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Herminio
    MARTINHO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro CUNHAL; Social Democratic
    Center (CDS), Andriano MORREIRA (interim); National Solidarity Party, Manuel
    SERGIO; Center Democratic Party; United Democratic Coalition (CDU;
    Communists)
Suffrage:
    universal at age 18
Elections:
  President:
    last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr.
    Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos
    MARQUES 3%
  Assembly of the Republic:
    last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD
    50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, Center Democrats 4.4%, National Solidarity Party
    1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 135, PS 72, CDU 17,
    Center Democrats 5, National Solidarity Party 1
Communists:
    Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753 (December 1983)

:Portugal Government

Member of:
    AfDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT,
    IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
    INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM (guest),
    NATO, NEA, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
    WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
    Ambassador Joao Eduardo M. PEREIRA BASTOS; Chancery at 2125 Kalorama Road
    NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 328-8610; there are Portuguese
    Consulates General in Boston, New York, and San Francisco, and Consulates in
    Los Angeles, Newark (New Jersey), New Bedford (Massachusetts), and
    Providence (Rhode Island)
  US:
    Ambassador Everett E. BRIGGS; Embassy at Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600
    Lisbon (mailing address is PSC 83, APO AE 09726); telephone [351] (1)
    726-6600 or 6659, 8670, 8880; FAX [351] (1) 726-9109; there is a US
    Consulate in Oporto and Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag:
    two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths)
    with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

:Portugal Economy

Overview:
    Although Portugal has experienced strong growth since joining the EC in 1986
    - at least 4% each year through 1990 - it remains one of the poorest
    members. To prepare for the European single market, the government is
    restructuring and modernizing the economy and in 1989 embarked on a major
    privatization program. The global slowdown and tight monetary policies to
    counter inflation caused growth to slow in 1991, but it is likely to recover
    in 1992.
GDP:
    purchasing power equivalent - $87.3 billion, per capita $8,400; real growth
    rate 2.7% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    12.0% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
    4.0% (1991 est.)
Budget:
    revenues $27.0 billion; expenditures $33.9 billion, including capital
    expenditures of $6.7 billion (1991 est.)
Exports:
    $16.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
  commodities:
    cotton textiles, cork and paper products, canned fish, wine, timber and
    timber products, resin, machinery, appliances
  partners:
    EC 74%, other developed countries 13.2%, US 4.8%
Imports:
    $25.1 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
  commodities:
    machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals,
    petroleum, textiles
  partners:
    EC 69.1%, other developed countries 11.4% less developed countries 15.1%, US
    3.9%
External debt:
    $15.0 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
    growth rate 9.1% (1990); accounts for 40% of GDP
Electricity:
    6,729,000 kW capacity; 16,000 million kWh produced, 1,530 kWh per capita
    (1991)
Industries:
    textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil
    refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Agriculture:
    accounts for 6.1% of GDP and about 20% of labor force; small, inefficient
    farms; imports more than half of food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes,
    olives, grapes; livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat,
    dairy products
Illicit drugs:
    increasingly import gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the
    European market
Economic aid:
    US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US)
    countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion
Currency:
    Portuguese escudo (plural - escudos); 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100
    centavos

:Portugal Economy

Exchange rates:
    Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 143.09 (March 1992), 144.48 (1991),
    142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988), 140.88 (1987)
Fiscal year:
    calendar year

:Portugal Communications

Railroads:
    3,613 km total; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km
    1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km
    1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track,
    privately owned
Highways:
    73,661 km total; 61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone),
    including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth;
    4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)
Inland waterways:
    820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
    shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity
Pipelines:
    crude oil 11 km; petroleum products 58 km
Ports:
    Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas (Azores), Setubal,
    Sines
Merchant marine:
    53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 738,774 GRT/1,300,787 DWT; includes 1
    short-sea passenger, 20 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 3 container, 1
    roll-on/roll-off cargo, 13 petroleum tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 8 bulk, 2
    vehicle carrier; note - Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira
    (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing
    benefits of a flag of convenience; although only one ship currently is known
    to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority
    of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years
Civil air:
    43 major transport aircraft
Airports:
    65 total, 62 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over
    3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
    generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and radio
    relay; 2,690,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 57 AM, 66 (22 repeaters)
    FM, 66 (23 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT earth stations (2
    Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, domestic satellite systems
    (mainland and Azores); tropospheric link to Azores

:Portugal Defense Forces

Branches:
    Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal
    Guard, Public Security Police
Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 2,666,450; 2,166,341 fit for military service; 88,826 reach
    military age (20) annually
Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 2.8% of GDP (1991)